一、不定式的基本形式: to+动词原形,有时可以省略to.
二、动词不定式的特点:
没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语.
动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语.动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语.如: to read a book; to sing at the party.
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.
三、动词不定式作宾语.即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,是谓语动词涉及的直接对象.如果没有这个不定式,这个句子的意思就让人难以理解. 能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start , forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等.
四、动词不定式作宾语补足语. 能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等.
五、动词不定式作状语: 即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系.
特殊疑问句:询问其语句中所缺失的部分,或者说,是要求得到暂时不知道的信息:什么,哪里,怎么样,多少,等等。
特殊疑问句是提问实质内容的。特殊疑问词,就是用来代替句子中缺失的东西——你要询问的东西的。
What + is it? Who + is your teacher? 从这里也看到了,不管从语法角度,还是实际理解角度,如果单是后面的一般疑问句,它是不完整的。
特殊疑问句结构是:疑问词+ 一般疑问句+-----? 疑问代词 +一般疑问句+? 除who以外的疑问代词短语 疑问副词
如:What do you want?/ Who are you looking for ?/ Whose magazine is this?/Which class are you in?/ When did you get up this morning?/ Where have you been?/ Why did he go to bed so early?/ How did you go there?
非重点,可以省略:但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同:
如:Who is dancing over there?,Who dances best in your class? 班级里谁跳舞最好? 有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。
如:What is on the wall?/ Which is yours?/ Whose book is in your bag?